بررسی رابطه طرحواره‌های ناسازگار اولیه، کمال‌گرایی و وسواس فکری-عملی با نقش میانجی خودتنظیمی در زنان متقاضی جراحی زیبایی

حامد توکلی; عبدالحسن  فرهنگی; خدیجه  ابوالمعالی الحسینی

Authors

Hamed Tavakoli Department of Psychology, NT.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Author https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1153-7418
Abdolhossein Farhangi Department of Psychology, NT.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5296-9727
Khadijeh Abolmaali Alhosseini Department of Educational Psychology, NT.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Author https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9714-1816

Keywords:

Early maladaptive schemas, perfectionism, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, self-regulation, cosmetic surgery

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to examine the relationships of abandonment, dependence-incompetence, emotional inhibition, defectiveness-shame, unrelenting standards, failure, and perfectionism with obsessive-compulsive symptoms, considering the mediating role of self-regulation in women seeking cosmetic surgery.

Methods and Materials: This descriptive-correlational study employed structural equation modeling. The statistical population consisted of women seeking cosmetic surgery at Imam Khomeini and Mofarah hospitals in Tehran during 2025–2026. A total of 385 participants were selected through cluster random sampling. Data were collected using the Young Schema Questionnaire, the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised, the Miller and Brown Self-Regulation Questionnaire, and the Hill Perfectionism Inventory. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients and structural equation modeling in SPSS-26 and AMOS-24. Indirect effects were examined using bootstrapping with 5000 resamples.

Findings: All six schemas were positively and significantly associated with obsessive-compulsive symptoms, with defectiveness-shame showing the strongest correlation (r=0.55, p<0.001). Perfectionism was positively related to obsessive-compulsive symptoms (r=0.47, p<0.001), whereas self-regulation was negatively related to them (r=-0.58, p<0.001). In the structural model, all six schemas and perfectionism negatively predicted self-regulation, and self-regulation significantly and negatively predicted obsessive-compulsive symptoms (β=-0.36, p<0.001). The indirect effects of all six schemas and perfectionism through self-regulation were significant. The model explained 49% of the variance in self-regulation and 57% of the variance in obsessive-compulsive symptoms.

Conclusion: Self-regulation partially explains the relationships among maladaptive schemas, perfectionism, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms, highlighting the potential value of simultaneously addressing schema-related vulnerabilities, perfectionistic tendencies, and regulatory capacities in psychological assessment and intervention for women seeking cosmetic surgery.

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